Blonde Sound™ II: Over the Edge

With the Blonde Sound recently dialed in using the VG204D Amplifier, we decided to explore if this was the “baby” used on all of the classic VH records with David Lee Roth, not a Marshall. We re-tested previous theories with the new amplifier and the results were stunning. Here’s the second installment, Blond Sound II: Over the Edge.

Cutting Edge Speakers

“The majority of it […] is everything just stacked up and blazin’ away.” – Eddie Van Halen1

In early tone tests, our ears picked out Celestion G12Ms with black magnet covers—blackbacks—as being crucial to the sound of the second album. These speakers were a variant designed by Celestion and shipped during the mid to late 70s, with Kurt Müller cones. While we assumed Van Halen II would be a fresh take on Eddie’s tone, we found this to be more of a continuation of what Ed and engineer Donn Landee were experimenting with on the first album.

We use the term experimenting here because that’s the best way to describe what we think was happening. Most guitarists working on a sound tend to stumble onto something they like, lock it in, and make sure things never deviate from that magic recipe. While recording, if settings get adjusted or mics get moved by accident, they may need to start all over again fiddling to find the right combination of things that sounded so good. With Eddie and Donn though, it seems like they were constantly changing the sound, song to song as well as album to album. There must have been a confidence that no matter what, they could make their experiments sound good on record. Maybe they were using their time in the studio to learn as well as record. If things are always done the same way, you’ll never know any better. It’s just amazing to think that for a band that was defining a paradigm shift for electric guitar, they would continue to charge forward, never looking back.

So Who Was Kurt Müller?

Dr. Kurt Müller was a German cone maker who founded DKM in Berlin in 1922, quite possibly the oldest surviving cone factory still running. In 1970, the company bought a UK firm called Pulsonic Ultrasonics Limited and folded it into a subsidiary, Kurt Mueller UK Ltd. The Pulsonic cones Celestion fitted through 1973 are the ones collectors still chase—the warm, forgiving paper behind a lot of classic-rock tone. Around late 1973 that supply ran out. The story usually told is that a fire at the Pulsonic factory destroyed the formula for those cones—the fire is more legend than documented fact, and the truth behind it has never been fully pinned down.

The switch wasn’t immediate. For a couple of years Celestion used their own in-house “RIC” cones, only starting around 1975 did Kurt Mueller become the standard supplier—right as the cream magnet covers gave way to black, the “Blackback” era. Mueller cones sound different: a tighter low end, harder midrange, and a brighter, sharper, more aggressive top. That’s the voice a lot of hard rock and early metal was built on. One caveat on the ribs, though—those pressed concentric corrugations stiffen the paper against flex, but they aren’t a Mueller signature. Transitional Pulsonic cones carry pronounced ribs too, which is exactly why players can mistake one for the other.2-5

Going Over the Edge

There’s an old forum post that’s often quoted stating that for Van Halen, Eddie used a load resistor, and wouldn’t return to this setup until Women and Children First. For Van Halen II, that implies that if the amps were cranked, they were running at full volume in the studio. While we’ll never really know, the record does seems to have more cabinet ambience, and ultimately a darker tone, or at least not as bright as the first record. Maybe after a year of touring, Eddie had gotten used to using his live setup of re-amping and wanted to push his speaker cabs harder than what was achieved on the first record. Essentially, the sound of the VG204D Amplifier with some speaker distortion.

For the Blonde Sound II presets, we added a small amount of Cabinet Drive to simulate Celestion speakers being pushed hard. It’s a subtle touch to an already cabinet-heavy tone, and it does bring a certain edge to the sound. Chords get chunkier with more bass, leads have a searing, blistering quality, and as Eddie said himself, “everything [was] just stackedup and blazin’ away.”

The canonical second iteration of the Blond Sound—a deep, edgy, cab-heavy tone. Perfect for tunes like “Light Up the Sky.”

A brighter take on the second album, specifically targeting the razorblade edge of “Somebody Get Me a Doctor.”

More bass in this tone, but still with edge. Try the distorted riffs from “Women in Love.”

A cross between the previous two presets, brighter but not as harsh, targeting the inimitable phrases from “Beautiful Girls.”

More Lore

There’s also a connection to Over the Edge with “Light Up the Sky.” The song wasn’t written for the film—it was one of Eddie’s first riffs after the debut album. Warner Bros. was financing the movie and wanted Van Halen to write a theme song. The band considered offering up “Light Up the Sky” for the job, but it never happened. Eddie’s recollection is characteristically offhand—Warner backing “some movie,” the band thinking about using the song, “but I don’t think so. […] it ain’t gonna win no Academy Award or nothin’.”6

In the end the film went another way, licensing “You Really Got Me,” Van Halen’s Kinks cover off the first record and the only VH track on the Over the Edge soundtrack.


Notes

  1. Rosen, Steve. Tonechaser: Understanding Edward—My 26-Year Journey with Edward Van Halen. Steve Rosen/Robert Smith/API Print Productions.com, 2022, p. 75.
  2. Klasco, Mike. “Dr. Kurt Müller Anniversary! 100 Years of Loudspeaker Innovation.” audioXpress, 23 Dec. 2022, https://audioxpress.com/article/dr-kurt-muller-anniversary-100-years-of-loudspeaker-innovation.
  3. “Vintage Celestion Guitar Speaker Cones.” Bygone Tones, https://www.bygonetones.com/vintage-celestion-guitar-speaker-cones.html. Accessed 22 July 2026.
  4. “History.” Dr. Kurt Müller, http://kurtmueller.com/en/historie/. Accessed 22 July 2026.
  5. “The Greenbacks.” FUZZFACED, https://www.fuzzfaced.net/greenbacks-pre-rola-rola-difference.html. Accessed 22 July 2026.
  6. Rosen, Steve. Tonechaser: Understanding Edward—My 26-Year Journey with Edward Van Halen. Steve Rosen/Robert Smith/API Print Productions.com, 2022, p. 70.

Music Made by Metal Machines

There’s no definitive answer as to why Lou Reed made Metal Machine Music. Landing in 1975 between the pop albums Sally Can’t Dance and Coney Island Baby, the record spawned a mythology all its own: some read it as a deliberate purge of the pop audience his recent fame had won him, others read it as a “f**k you” engineered to break his RCA contract (though he tellingly stayed on the label). Reed himself denied all of it to the end, insisting it was a purely artistic act—born, in his words, out of love for guitar-driven feedback.1

Experimenting with SynthStamp

Enter the B500. We’d been experimenting with continuous sampling and a melody sequence playing underneath when the results tipped into something uncannily familiar: guitar pitched up and dragged back down, phrases folding over themselves, chaotic breaks ripping across the top. A cacophony, but not an aimless one—the same controlled-noise territory Reed staked out in 1975. The difference is in the making. He assembled his in the studio, guitars leaned into amps, tape sped up and slowed after the fact; ours arrived live, in a single take, direct to video with SynthStamp.

Here’s how we did it:

1. (Stereo) Audio Input

Start by configuring your audio input for mono (L + R) or stereo (L / R). Note that mono is configured by selecting the same source for both left and right channels, the signal is combined and optimized internally.

2. Memory Sequencing

Next, add a melody sequence, Normal mode will suffice. You can just start plunking away on the keyboard and by default quarter notes will populate. For something more interesting try changing the rhythmic pulse by adjusting the duration of groups of notes. In this case, pitch doesn’t matter as much because you’ll be playing back a live buffer of whatever you’re playing on guitar, and unless you plan on sticking to modal scales, dissonance is mostly unavoidable.

3. Continuous Sampling

And that brings us to Continuous Sampling. Though not a formal circuit bend, it falls within the same ideology. On the actual instrument you can set up a continuous trigger on the sampler, ideally corresponding to the full buffer duration of 1.4s, then add a custom input route for line level audio, and voilà. The bonus here is that not only does the keyboard play back realtime audio at different sample rates, you can combine this with a note sequence in memory for hands-free operation of the sampler. This allows focusing on live audio input, which for this purpose is the guitar. Playing along with the sampler as your audio gets drastically modified by a repeating note sequence is like having a conversation with yourself.

Needless to say, we think the results sound pretty close to Metal Machine Music. Or Pachinko.2 It’s time to explore your sonic potential.

1 Doran, John. “Lou Reed Interview: Metal Machine Music Revisited” The Quietus, October 28, 2013, https://thequietus.com/interviews/lou-reed-interview-metal-machine-music/. Accessed July 6th, 2026.

2 Pachinko In Your Head: Non-Linear Music. Blue Rahn Studio. Celestial Harmonies, 1998.

The Blonde Sound™

Hot on the heels of Nevermind, we happened to be experimenting with the VG204D Amplifier, our model of a Tremolux circuit that shares DNA with Fender Bassmans and Bandmasters of that era, and something strange happened. We knew this amp was in Eddie’s arsenal. Previously limited to evidence from live photographs of early Van Halen shows, it was finally given a full frontal in Volume 6 of Guitar Aficionado. We happened to be riffing on some early VH and noticed that the low E and A strings were really popping out—sonically, not out of the nut. And the results were encouraging, so we decided run a small test. What if Eddie fired up his old Bandmaster through some Marshall cabs? It’s been talked about before but things never quite sounded right. And as the saying goes, leave no tone unturned.

Figure 1. Photo of Guitar Aficionado p. 50, showing Eddie Van Halen’s Fender Bandmaster. Original image from Vol. 6/No. 1.

“…I would use the Bandmaster through the Marshall cabinet when we gigged at smaller clubs like Gazzarri’s.”

It’s funny that we stumbled on this quote after dialing in this tone. The article was a faint memory and revisiting it seemed like one of those classic mysteries where the clues are all laid out in front of the protagonist but they just don’t realize they’re clues yet. We happened to be on a Van Halen II kick, but we quickly circled back to the first Van Halen record. We just had to see if it was true. And to our ears, it really was. We felt that we had been fighting the Marshall this whole time and the Fender just fell into place. The palm muted notes, the pick attack in the solos, the chunky chords. It was all just… easier. As it should be when you have the right gear.

Acknowledging Past Defeats: Right Speakers, Wrong Amp

While we’re certainly guilty of crying wolf, our operative phrase when chasing down a tone has always been, “it’s getting close.” In our previous article on Van Halen I tone, we discovered a really unique speaker blend. Paired with a Marshall, we have to admit, it sounded close. Really close. And that same combination of speakers is what allowed us to hear the differences with the VG204D Amplifier. Without that speaker blend we’d essentially be starting from scratch. So while re-stating, “this is the tone!” might get old, it’s always been a matter of “this is the closest we’ve come yet!” for us. We hope you feel the same way and are excited to follow us on this journey. Welcome to the Blonde Sound.

But the Bandmaster?

It goes without saying that EVH lore runs strong with Marshall. Eddie toured with Marshalls. Eddie famously modified his Marshalls. Eddie famously didn’t modify his Marshalls. He found all sorts of ways to make them run more consistently and give him the sound he wanted. He did such an amazing job associating himself with Marshall, the only thing he didn’t do is formally work with the company. Maybe not so surprising, who did he end up working with in the end? Fender. It’s weird to think that Nevermind and the early Van Halen records may have used the same amp. Both changed the music industry in their own way, but the bands couldn’t have been more different. Did Butch Vig know about this hidden gem? Did they both just stumble onto it after years of playing? Why did Eddie even have a Bandmaster to begin with?

If you recall from Van Halen Rising (Renoff, 225), Eddie professed his love of the first Montrose record. And it should be common knowledge that Ted Templeman produced both bands. Some consider Van Halen the realization of what Ted was trying to do with Montrose. Also, with Sammy Hagar as their young upstart singer, well, you know where he ended up. It just so happens that in an interview with Guitar Player Magazine, Ronnie Montrose, the leader and songwriter of the band talked about how he used a Bandmaster to achieve his tone on that record.1 Perhaps a young Van Halen was just looking to his idol for advice, not something he would repeat for future generations.

Tough Boogie

It’s worth mentioning that the pedaling, muted phrase on the A-string in “I’m the One” was really the reason why we would even consider another amp in the first place. To be honest, that riff just never sounded right with the Marshall. It’s hard to explain what it was, but time and again we’d just chalk it up to the way Eddie played the riff, or the gauge of the strings, or the guitar, or the barometric pressure. Lined up against the original recording, nothing ever sounded right. The harmonics were close, the single note runs sounded good, but the palm muting was just not there. And so it goes. We tucked that thought away for later, hoping that at some point it would all become clear. And yes, jamming on the amp that powered some of Nevermind’s most successful tracks was the last place we would have thought to look.

But enough chit-chat. You probably don’t believe it either. So go ahead and set your tone on fire, no strings attached, with a Free Preview in AmpStamp.

The core tone, ready to rock. Chords that bloom underneath your fingers. Pick scrapes like brilliant paint strokes on the canvas of your imagination. Notes that sear into your brain during extended solos. Ok, it’s a good tone, it’s really fun to play.

Tuned for “Running’ with the Devil,” slightly more Celestion.

Tuned for “Ain’t Talkin’ ‘Bout Love.” With the echo boosted, we needed to compensate with more gain in the EQ.

Tuned for “I’m the One” and “Feel Your Love Tonight,” slightly more JBL.

The holy grail? We added Echo Delay so while you’re tapping you can sound like you’re in a stone cathedral, just like what Donn did for Ed in the final mix.

If you haven’t heard the room mic recording of “Eruption” yet, look it up now. It’s one of the drum mics in the studio picking up the raw guitar sound, no post processing. Just the Blonde Sound in full detail. We wanted to give you something similar so you can compare and hear it and play it for yourself. This is what it sounded like in the room. Now in your room. Holy grail indeed.

Looking Forward

It’s worth admitting that Eddie definitely used Marshalls live, however maybe not at first. There is an old quote where he described no longer taking his “baby” out on the road due to the fear of losing it. He likely also employed the cascaded setup he described many times where the output of one Marshall would be taken down to line level and fed into the input of another Marshall for amplification. This would allow him to get the desired level of distortion out of the pre- and power- sections from one amp while letting the second amp take care of the volume. More on that later.

1 Blackett, Matt. “Guitar Player Magazine Interview part 1.” YouTube, uploaded by OfficialMontrose, 20 July 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_T0esoENPM.

What’s That Smell? Nevermind Tone

“I’ve got information, man. New s**t has come to light.” —J. Lebowski

It’s been a while since we last posted about this album, and while we’re always working on the next tone, we’ve got some new information to share. It’s timely because we now have a model of the classic DS-1 Distortion pedal too. All signs are pointing toward revisiting the recording of Nevermind.

New S**t Has Come to Light

Hyrkas, S. [@livenirvana]. (2025, May 2). May 2–28, 1991 – Van Nuys, CA, US Nirvana records a session with Butch Vig at Sound City Studios… [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/DJKv3q6NVA0/?img_index=7

In a recent interview with Rick Beato, Butch Vig revealed that the recording of Smells Like Teen Spirit could have had a Fender Bassman mixed in at low volume, panned to the center, just to thicken things up a bit.1 That would have been accompanied by stereo-panned, double-tracked guitars through the Mesa/Boogie with clean tones coming from a Vox AC30. Recently, we came across the track sheet for Smells Like Teen Spirit on Instagram. Not only does this confirm Vig’s statement about a center panned Bassman, it also reveals that the original stereo tracks were recorded with the Bassman, not the Mesa/Boogie.

That M**********r Stole My Guitar Tone

In another interview with Beato, Billy Corgan described how he pioneered use of the Big Muff with Butch Vig during the recording of their first album, Gish.2 Corgan figured out that using the low input of the amplifier helped improve note clarity, providing headroom for a heavily distorted guitar at the input which Vig was able to get on tape. Really, Vig just had to hold back his reservations since no one at that time was willing to record such heavily distorted guitars. Butch’s experience, or lack thereof, was about to alter music history.

During that same interview, Corgan admitted that when he first heard a pre-release copy of Nevermind, it was immediately obvious that Butch had applied the same techniques they had pioneered on Gish to the sound of Nirvana’s major label debut.

The Fender Bassman

Could this be the defining sound of grunge? Vig was no stranger to promoting how important this amp would turn out to be. With Corgan, they ran the Big Muff into a Marshall amplifier, however for Cobain they would use the Fender Bassman. This was a favorite amp of Vig who had a modified version at his own Smart Studios. Since the Bassman and Tremolux share similarities in their circuit, we decided to start with the 204D Amplifier and 1×12” C 15W ‘63 Cabinet.

I have to admit that Smells Like Teen Spirit has always been a mystery. That tone. That riff. It’s a song that has definitely spent it’s time in the spotlight, maybe too much time. A magnet for fans that knew nothing about the previous record. Refined over hours of rehearsals and pre-production until every second felt right. It’s the only song on the record over five minutes in length. Regardless of what anyone in the band has said, this was intended to make a statement. And it did. It revolutionized the music industry almost overnight. You know the story well. But the guitar tone? We thought that was lost to time. Lost to forgotten facts about amps and effects. Lost to a mix engineer that crafted ear candy so sweet, we all fell prey to his whims.

In Bloom

We decided to tackle In Bloom first. The stereo mix sounds like two heavily panned guitars, enough to isolate each tone and compare what might have been used in the studio. And it seemed logical that one of those might be the Mesa/Boogie and the other could be the Bassman.

After firing up the 204D Amplifier, we could almost instantly hear that the right channel was the Bassman. There’s a certain rasp to this Fender amp that’s unmistakable. In this case, we’re just cranking the amp, no distortion pedal. That left us with the left channel for the Mesa/Boogie. We spent some time with the 802C Amplifier and 4×12” A 300W ‘87 Cabinet going back and forth between the DS-1, the Big Muff, and the preamp and found that the Big Muff had the closest tone.

Preset: Teen Spirit

Preset: Mesa Verde

Smells Like Teen Spirit

With In Bloom sounding pretty good, it was time to revisit Smells Like Teen Spirit. Based on the track sheet, we mixed two separate takes of the Bassman, panned hard left and hard right, but there was something missing. Just like Vig said, there’s a thickness present in the final mix that we couldn’t hear with just two tracks. However we knew adding a third take with the same Bassman would be overkill.

We happened to notice that the track sheet had the stereo guitars listed as DIST GTR, but the center track listed as GTR. Did DIST indicate that a pedal was used? We went back to the stereo Bassman tracks and added the Big Muff. That was too thick, so we tried the DS-1. It still wasn’t sounding right, but we pushed on with the third Bassman track. First with the Big Muff to provide some contrast to the stereo DS-1s, but it wasn’t working. Since there was no DIST in the center track’s label, we went back to just the cranked Bassman. That sounded really close. The rasp from the Bassman was sitting perfectly on top of the smoother distortion from the DS-1s, pulled back a little in volume, panned to the center just like Vig said. It was the closest to tonal Nirvana we’ve ever come, much closer than we had been before. If you want to try the mix yourself, follow this layout in your DAW:

  • [Left] Bassman + DS-1 (Take A)
  • [Center] Cranked Bassman, -3 to -6 dB
  • [Right] Bassman + DS-1 (Take B)

We also added a clean tone with chorus for good measure.

Preset: Cranked

Preset: Cleen Spirit

Lithium

One more thing. From interviews, we know that the Big Muff was a key element to the chorus in Lithium. Since we dialed in presets with the Bassman by itself, and with the DS-1, we thought it would be worthwhile to also dial in this classic preset with the Big Muff.

Preset: Immodium II

While there’s still more songs to cover, we felt these core tones needed to be heard, asap. We’re taking some additional time to think about studio effects like reverb, the elusive SPX-90 Symphonic preset, as well as Kurt’s live tone. Also that searing guitar, supposedly plugged directly into the mixing board on Territorial Pissings. But more on that later, for now our little tribe is going to take a rest, as a friend.

1 Beato, Rick. “Butch Vig: From Smashing Pumpkins to Nirvana – Alternative Rock’s OG.” YouTube, uploaded by RickBeato, 21 March 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5U9XJdd4FlM.

2 Beato, Rick. “The Smashing Pumpkins: The Billy Corgan Interview” YouTube, uploaded by RickBeato, 13 December 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAfkxHcqWKI.

Fun House Tone: Garbage Bin Overdrive

Did you know that Rhino released all of the tapes from the Fun House sessions? Like everything? It captures a moment in time when bands wanted to stay true to their art and capture complete performances. They had to ask themselves questions like, did someone mess something up? Do we feel like we could do better? And always, let’s do one more as a safety. In this case, we’re given access to the complete process. For instance, all 28 takes of Loose. The mistakes, the banter, the brilliance. It’s a cool snapshot. Released in 1999 and spread across 7 compact discs, 1970: The Complete Fun House Sessions may have originally been positioned as a collectors item but it’s really a pillar of our rock n’ roll heritage and should be heard by everyone that picks up a guitar, microphone, or pair of sticks.1

Social Distortion

Iggy famously hated the sound of his voice. Starting with this recording, Iggy actually ran his vocal mic through Marshall amplifiers, acting as a P.A. for their live performance as well as adding some dirt, essentially creating his signature sound.2 Note that while Iggy did not sing through an amplifier on the first record, they did treat his vocal with one during remixing. This was likely the start of the idea, and why not capture it live?

Ron Asheton, the guitarist and brother of drummer Scott Asheton, has gone on record stating that he used Marhsall amplifiers for his sound as well. And while we do see live footage of Ron with a few Marshall stacks, our ears tell us something different. When we sat down to run some tone tests, we found that the amplifier used on this record sounds more like a Vox. Why? Our guess is that a small Vox combo that could only output 30W was much more acceptable in the studio. Remember, this was a time when engineers were unable to tame the extreme volume of a 100W Marshall, let alone more than one.

All the King’s Men

Don Galluci served as the producer on Fun House. In Ron’s words, “Galluci was Elektra’s choice,” but the band was ultimately happy.3 Don had a career in television which cemented his status as a famous icon with the group, and at the young age of fourteen played organ on “Louie Louie,” a song that certainly shares some D.N.A. with The Stooges. Galluci would be the one who influenced the group to record live, charging forward in an all-for-one onslaught of crazed-rock togetherness. The idea was to capture the power of the band live, a phrase that continues to echo through the music industry today with bands far and wide.

And capture the band live they did. With take after take, each song getting refined into the diamond we now know, you can hear the bleed from the instruments in the room. You can hear the room caving in on itself. Add a layer of plate reverb smearing the guitar like butter on bread and you’ll get a taste of this sonic toast in your ears.

The Presets

We ended up blending our ‘67 cabinet with 20W Celestion speakers. It’s possible that Ron used his Marshall cabinets as extensions, or maybe there was additional EQ from the console that we’re hearing. Either way, this trashy sound is yours to keep. Have fun! House!

Loose

The core sound, with more Vox than Marshall from the cabinets. This tone has a ringing, jangly quality, like something’s actually loose in the amplifer. Where this tone is more lacerating to the ears, turn to TV Eye for something more stabby.

TV Eye

The core sound, tuned to the song T.V. Eye. Some of the other tracks on this album were less bright and more washed out in reverb. For big chords pull back the Boost for more clarity. Like most records during this era, there really wasn’t a lot of distortion on the guitar signal. Single notes might sound thinner than you’d expect from today’s high gain amps. If you need it, the extra boost is at your fingertips.

TV Eye B

Similar to the core tone but with more bass if you’re still feeling like this tone is too thin with the boost up. This has a little more of that 4×12” meat on the bones.

TV Fuzz

Rolling back the gain and engaging the fuzz was Ron’s lead tone. It has a less brittle, smooth sustaining quality. There’s still a heap of garbage coming through the speakers, but it stands in contrast to the rhythm guitar sound. Used on tracks like Down On the Street, and Loose, pan right with the rhythm guitar on the left for a fun mix.

Fun House Wah

And of course the Wah. What’s left to say. Pair with a controller like the FCB1010 for hands free operation with the new device profile now available in the MIDI configuration selector.

1 https://www.rhino.com/product/complete-funhouse-sessions

2, 3 Edmonds, B. (1999). [Liner notes]. In 1970: The Complete Fun House Sessions [CD]. Rhino.

Void Your Warranty: Circuit Bending on an iPhone with SynthStamp

We’d like to take a moment to introduce you to the B500. A synth both internally and externally modeled after a popular sampler from the mid-80s. The reason for its popularity was primarily its cost. For $100 in 1985 ($300 in 2026), this sampling keyboard could be yours. That was a fraction of the cost of the nearest competitor, but it also came with a caveat—audio quality was low-fidelity. Over time this sampler was relegated to the toy bin in most stores and minds, eventually experiencing a resurgence, again due to its affordability. This time, hackers, creatives, and engineers ventured to open things up and started tweaking circuits to find new sounds. It wasn’t until Reed Ghazala coined the term Circuit-Bending in 1992 that a movement had been realized.1

Circuit Bending

Circuit bending is an exploratory art. The premise being that the deeper you go, the more interesting things get. For instance, you could audition every combination of patch capable between analog and digital sections, or try connecting them all in different configurations, or in different combinations of one, two, or three patches, or… you get the picture. And while certain patches will become familiar sounds that you can internalize and reach for with your new sonic vocabulary, there’s always one more sound to be discovered. Whether it’s a new combination of patches, a specific patch that you hadn’t yet tried, or a new sample that happens to sound more interesting when bent with a specific patch, or all of the above, the quest never ends.

Tapping on the orange Circuit Bending button in the B500 will open up the Circuit Bending view. There are three sections that can be patched, representing different features of the synthesizer circuit: analog, digital, and clock. Analog routes can be used to bypass filtering for more gain, connect outputs to inputs for feedback, and route to digital and clock sections to impact address, data, and/or timing functionality with control voltage like behavior. Note that analog-to-digital connections are represented with an orange wire. Digital-to-analog connections are represented with a blue wire. They are treated differently. Also note that bending does not have an effect on synthesized tones, and only the clock section impacts rhythm playback.

Experimental Musical Instruments

Figure 1: From “Circuit-Bending and Living Instruments,” by Q. R. Ghazala, 1992, Experimental Musical Instruments, Volume 8 (Number 1) p. 23.

For those just beginning their journey, there is a treasure trove of information available on the internet. Take a moment to flip through a few pages of Experimental Musical Instruments.2 This is the first page where the term Circuit-Bending is said to have originated. The magazine dates back to 1985, and Ghazala has stated that his interest in manipulating electronics for experimental purposes started as early as the late 60s. It’s important to distinguish the idea of non-standard instrument making for the purposes of sound exploration from bending instruments that already exist to create sounds that the original designer did not intend. While there is sonic overlap and sympathetic interests between the two fields, they are distinct.

And really, this is a new frontier for SynthStamp. The idea that we can model real instruments in a way that permits dynamic connections similar to those made when bending an instrument. Does this inspire you to want to bend other instruments? Are you content with the B500 as a unique one-of-a-kind tool in your plugin kit? Or do you want more?

1 Ghazala, Reed, Circuit Bending: Build Your Own Instruments, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2005, p. 12.

2 https://archive.org/details/emi_archive/0-START-HERE/

Wheels of Fire Tone: Live, Loud, and Fully Blown

“…if I turn it down, the sound changes. And I can’t get the sustain I want.” 1 – Eric Clapton discussing the recording of Blues Breakers

Time seems to have a dulling effect on our collective memory. Stories that we thought would last forever don’t seem to be as relevant in today’s culture. Things that were shocking no longer seem to shock. Sounds that were too loud and aggressive no longer seem as loud or as aggressive as they once were. In 1968, Cream was at the height of it’s commercial success. Bringing intense, improvisational blues rock to audiences night after night. As Mickey Hart said in Beware of Mr. Baker, “They were like Vikings. It was like scorched earth. They were there to take heads.”2 But they were simultaneously falling apart at the seams due to internal friction, they would break up by the end of the year.

But not before releasing two albums and going on a farewell tour. At this point, there was no question audiences were going to be subjected to some very serious volume, specifically coming from cranked Marshall amplifiers. But just like a distant memory, that’s no longer what people hear when they listen to these performances. In stark contrast, modern sound systems put cranked Marshall amplifiers to shame. With advances in sound reinforcement and improvements in audio quality, audiences now experience a much higher fidelity concert, in some cases in stereo or multi-channel audio. And while there is still room to grow, to take live shows to new levels of creativity, the days of driving guitar amplifiers to their destructive brinks are faded memories of the past. It was with this in mind that we set out to revisit some of the sounds heard on Disraeli Gears when we realized Wheels of Fire and it’s groundbreaking live performances might be more interesting to analyze.

This Wheel’s on Fire

Figure 1: Live recording configuration from 1968 concerts used for Wheels of Fire. From “An In-Depth Interview with Engineer/Producer Tom Dowd,” by P. Laurence, 1975, Recording Engineer/Producer, Volume 6 (Number 3) p. 38.

Tom Dowd first worked with Cream on Disraeli Gears and would go on to work with Eric Clapton extensively during his solo career. He may have been the first, or at least one of the first engineers to figure out how to record a Marshall amplifier on full blast. While most would have asked the artist to turn it down for the purposes of making a proper record, Tom let it rip and got it all on tape. And for this we are forever grateful. Despite his involvement with Cream in the studio, Tom had a busy career working for Atlantic Records and for the live recordings on Wheels of Fire he was only present early on to check sound quality before turning the engineering reigns over to Bill Halverson, a relatively new engineer from Wally Heider Studios in San Francisco, then on his second remote assignment.

Bill opened up to an interviewer in a mid-70s publication regarding the recording setup he used for these live performances. Two mics, one on each amp, selecting one of eight speakers across two cabinets per amplifier, blended, and that’s it. And it really is. Clapton had a wah pedal in between his guitar and amp, and nothing else. He relied on volume, tone controls, and the pickup selector to emphasize different passages. More bass for his famed Woman Tone, more volume for blistering solos, rolling back during verses, and changing pick attacks to signal delicate melodies or phrase notes more aggressively, all tied together with an amazing vibrato technique. It would be his voice in the days when he didn’t like to sing.

Cascading Distortion

But then how does the guitar end up sounding like that? It’s certainly distorted, sometimes violin-like, sometimes thick and muddy, sometimes harsh. It’s really combination of things. The humbucking pickups in The Fool pushing the front end, the amp turned up loud driving the power-amp into saturation, and the speakers also getting pushed to the edge of their operable state. It’s interesting, because on playback, far removed from the physicality of the loudness, to a young listener it probably sounds just like a muddy guitar. A recognizable and primitive sound that would get refined by boosting treble, cutting bass, and scooping mids through subsequent hard rock and heavy metal bands. Ultimately ending up in a buzz-saw onslaught until we just couldn’t take any more.

However, if you take a moment to let your ears adjust and unlearn the modern sound of guitar, you might find that this sound is richer, more nuanced, and more dynamic. It’s not squashed and brittle, it breathes with each note. Especially for younger guitarists who can’t yet play with speed, slowing down and learning to articulate phrasing might not be such a bad thing. We’ve read that the Marshall amplifiers Clapton was using were transitional, meaning old stock with new head boxes and logos. While these amps may look like the new models with split cathodes, they’re likely not. Since we’re using the Normal channel, the differences are actually minor, it was the Treble channel (Channel I) that changed drastically between these two revisions, nonetheless we’ve employed the VG402B Amplifier.

More Lore

“I had a little Shure microphone which no matter where I’d put it, it just distorted! …I ended up in the center of [the] speakers, not in front of any of them.”3 – Bill Halverson discussing how he recorded Cream live

That’s revealing and something we focused on when dialing in the VG 4×12 ’67 Cabinet. Using a combination of Offset and Cabinet Drive we were able to replicate the sound of an off-center mic picking up a speaker playing well above it’s operating range. The sound in unmistakable, start with a medium output humbucker in the bridge position and you’ll be right there next to the band in hallowed halls. You can roll off the highs with your tone control or engage the Dark Boost for convenience, simulating tone control effects while also providing a boost for solos via the EQ100 Treble Boost (or in this case, treble cut via the Invert toggle). Lastly, things wouldn’t be complete without the WH100 Wah. Control via MIDI for hands free operation or just let the default setting wrap around your notes, it’s a classic.

The Presets

It was also important to dial in some echo to create sense of space, sounds bouncing off the walls as listeners ears are getting melted. In this case we went with the AMB200 Spring Reverb set to a short decay with a decent amount of pre-delay to get a slapback repeat that was pleasing to our ears. That’s another cool thing about our Ambience modules, they can be configured with shorter decays to get a variety of room sounds as well as the traditional echoes that they’re known for. The spring reverb is in Mono, a nod to the times, but check out the Echo Chamber or Plate Reverb for stereo options.

Loudness II: starts off with the basics: cranked amp, offset mic, and cabinet drive. Instant bliss.

Loudness IIb: engages Dark Boost for violin-like leads, switch to the neck pickup for even more cream.

Bolero: engages both Dark Boost and Wah in fixed position which helps to accentuate lead passages.

Cleanish: dials it back just a little for a change in mood.

1 Port, Ian S. The Birth of Loud: Leo Fender, Les Paul and the Guitar Pioneering Rivalry that shaped Rock n’ Roll. Scribner, 2019, p. 227.

2 Beware of Mr. Baker. Directed by Jay Bulger, Insurgent Media, Pugilist at Rest Productions, 2012.

3 Genzolini, E. Cream: Claption, Bruce & Baker Sitting on Top of the World. Schiffer, 2023, p. 49.

Celebrating 10 Years of AmpStamp

A look back at the first 10 years of AmpStamp, and a technical decision that we’ve never talked about.

It’s hard to believe that AmpStamp turned 10 this January. 10 years of coding, 10 years of listening tests and A/B comparisons, 10 years of chasing classic recordings down endless rabbit holes. We wanted to take a moment to mark the occasion and share something we’ve never really talked about publicly. It’s a technical decision that shaped the sound of AmpStamp from day one, and looking back, we probably should have been talking about it from day one.

Convolution, on a Phone, in 2016

When we shipped the first version of AmpStamp (then called Vintage Guitar) on January 19th, 2016. At the time, the standard approach for cabinet emulation on mobile was algorithmic. A chain of filters, some carefully tuned EQ curves, and a hope that it sounded close enough. It’s a reasonable approach—it’s lightweight, it doesn’t tax the CPU, and on headphones most people couldn’t tell the difference anyway. The major iOS amp sims of the day were all going this route. But there was another approach, well-established on desktop by then, used in plugins like Two Notes Torpedo and various IR loaders that pro studios were already running: convolution. Instead of approximating what a speaker cabinet sounded like with filters, you could take a recorded snapshot of an actual cabinet—an impulse response—and mathematically apply that snapshot to a guitar signal in real time. It’s not an approximation. It’s the actual sound, re-applied.

We went with convolution. With Support for iPhone 5s. In 2016.

This was, to put it mildly, not the obvious choice. Real-time convolution at audio rates was expensive on mobile hardware of the day, and getting it to run cleanly while also handling the rest of the signal chain—amp model, effects, all of it—took some work. But the difference in sound was undeniable. A real cabinet has resonances and complex behavior that algorithmic models, no matter how carefully tuned, just don’t fully capture. Once you’ve heard your guitar through a convolution-based cab, going back is hard.

To be clear about what we did: we captured real cabinets ourselves and built a custom convolution engine. We weren’t shipping an IR loader for users to drop in their own files—we were using IRs as the foundation of how every cabinet in AmpStamp sounds, baked in so that guitarists could just pick a cabinet and play. Convolution was the engine, not a feature.

The Part We Kept Quiet About

Here’s the thing—we didn’t talk about it. The technique itself wasn’t patentable, convolution and impulse responses had been around for ages, and the concept of using IRs for guitar cabinets was already old news in high-end studios. What we had was an early, performant implementation on mobile, which is a craft advantage, not a legal one.

The thinking at the time was, if we publicly say AmpStamp uses convolution, we’re basically pointing competitors in the right direction. The work to get there on mobile was nontrivial, but once someone knew where to look, the path got a lot shorter. So we let the app speak for itself and figured guitarists with good ears would notice the difference.

That was a mistake. Not the technical decision—the marketing one.

The Lesson

On the App Store, no one hears the difference unless you tell them what to listen for. Guitarists scrolling through amp sim apps aren’t doing blind A/B tests. They’re reading screenshots and bullet points, often listening through phone speakers, making decisions in seconds. The technical decision that made AmpStamp sound more authentic was completely invisible at the point of purchase.

Meanwhile, “convolution-based cabinet modeling using real impulse responses” is exactly the kind of bullet point that gear nerds among us actually read carefully. We had the substance. We just didn’t put it on the label. It would be years before convolution-based cabinet tech became the standard on iOS. The major mobile amp sims didn’t move in that direction until somewhere between four and seven years after we shipped. By the time the field caught up, the differentiation was gone—and we’d never even claimed the ground when it was ours to claim. It’s a lesson we’re carrying forward.

Hear It For Yourself

Which brings us to Free Previews, our newest feature. The idea is simple—we want everyone to be able to hear these tones, regardless of whether they’ve paid for the gear yet. Pull up a preset, hit play, and hear what AmpStamp actually sounds like. The amp, the cabinet, the convolution under the hood, all of it. No subscription, no purchase, just the tone in your ears.

It’s the answer to a question we should have been asking 10 years ago: how do we let people hear what we’ve built? It turns out the best way is to just let them play it.

Looking Forward

AmpStamp is still going strong. The convolution engine we shipped in 2016 is still doing its thing, still helping guitarists land on tones that sound like the records they love. We’ve added a lot since then—new amps, new cabinets, new effects, the recent Cabinet Drive feature, and most recently the EQ200 Dual Parametric Equalizer which has unlocked a whole new realm of heavy metal tone exploration.

And we’re bringing what we learned to SynthStamp, our new app that launched on April 3rd of this year. SynthStamp is built on the same philosophy—technical decisions that most users won’t see at first, but that you’ll hear immediately. Model 5001 is the first ARP 2600 emulation on mobile, with full patch cabling, and Model B500 is, as far as we can tell, a first-ever circuit-bendable take on the Casio SK-1. All models also accept stereo audio input for real-time effects processing, which almost no other synth app does.

This time, we’re telling you up front. We learned that one the hard way.

Thanks for 10 years of AmpStamp. Here’s to the next 10.

System Presets: B500

Sampled Tones

Synthesized Tones

Circuit Bending

External Sources

System Presets: 5001

Basic Instruments

Advanced Instruments

Rhythms

Natural Sounds

Arpeggios, Chords & Sequences

Sound Effects

Advanced Applications

External Sources